宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。
如:he asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。
在宾语从句中须注意:
1. that 在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;
并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如:
i didn’t know (that) he was li lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
i will do anything i can to help you except that i’m ill.
只要我身体舒服,我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,
把宾语从句放到句末,此时的that不能省。如:
the boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys.
那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张),
order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should) do的形式。
he asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
the teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即:
1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如:
he always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
when the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed.
当老师知道我们所干的事情时,他会说我们做了一件好事。
2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如:
he didn’t tell us he came from shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
he said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,
即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
chairman mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers.
毛说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。
when we were children, we were told that china is in the east of the world.
我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。